Until recently, the official point of view of the French government was that the Vichy regime was an illegal government distinct from the French Republic. Nazi concentration camp, concentration camp. Drancy (Concentration camp) Drancy concentration camp Label from public data source Wikidata; Sources. Drancy was an assembly and detention camp for confining Jews who were later deported to the extermination camps during the German military administration of Occupied France during World War II. 65,000 Jews were deported from Drancy, of whom 63,000 were murdered including 6,000 children. The Vichy government cooperated with Nazi Germany, hunting down foreign and French Jews and turning them over to the Gestapo for transport to the Third Reich's extermination camps. Les travaux récemment menés sur la cité de la Muette à Drancy, ensemble HLM devenu camp de concentration et de transit des Juifs de France, constituent de ce point de vue un exemple intéressant du dialogue qui peut se nouer entre archéologues et historiens. Le Mémorial à Drancy est un lieu d’histoire et d’éducation, situé en face de la Cité de la Muette. Drancy was under the control of the French police until 1943 when administration was taken … Situé au nord-est de Paris, dans la ville de Drancy (alors dans le département de la Seine, aujourd'hui en Seine-Saint-Denis), ce camp a été pendant trois ans le principal lieu d'internement avant déportation depuis la gare du Bourget (1942-1943) puis la gare de Bobigny (1943-1944) vers les camps d'extermination nazis, principalement Auschwitz. One-third of the Jews deported from Drancy were French citizens. Dans le camp lui-même, les conditions de vie sont très dures. The Germans also deported 3,753 Jews from Drancy to the Sobibor killing center. For example, upon their arrival, small children were immediately separated from their parents for deportation to the death camps. The Drancy internment camp became identified by the northeastern suburb of Paris in which it was located. found: Drancy : un camp de concentration très ordinaire, 1941-1944, c1996. After the 1940 defeat by Germany and 10 July 1940 vote of full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain, the Republic was abolished and Vichy France was proclaimed. Only 2,000 remained alive when Allied forces liberated the camp on 17 August 1944. Drancy: Un camp de concentration très ordinaire, 1941-1944 (French Edition) [Rajsfus, Maurice] on Amazon.com. The most infamous internment camps before World War II were used to intern the Spanish Republican refugees and military personnel during the Spanish Civil War. 20 août 1941 : arrivée des premiers internés juifs 12 décembre 1941 : 50 otages sont choisis par les internés juifs de Drancy Juillet 1943 : prise en charge de la direction du camp par Aloïs Brunner 31 juillet 1944 : départ du dernier convoi à destination d’Auschwitz. From there, all the children and staff were deported to Auschwitz. found: Das nationalsozialistische Lagersystem, 1990: p. 64 (Drancy; near Paris; transit camp for Israelites) Drancy était un camp de transit dans lequel on entassait les juifs que les nazis envoyaient dans les camps de concentration. Between 22 June 1942 and 31 July 1944, during its use as an internment camp, 67,400 French, Polish, and German Jews were deported from the camp in 64 rail transports,[1] which included 6,000 children. concentration et de transit des Juifs de France : 63 000 des 76 000 juifs déportés de France sont partis de Drancy, essentiellement pour Auschwitz. Fewer than 2,000 of the almost 65,000 Jews deported from the Drancy camp survived the Holocaust. On August 15–16, 1944, as Allied forces neared, the German authorities in Drancy fled after burning all camp documents. Le camp de Drancy. The ground floor shows a changing exhibit of prisoners' faces and names, as a Memorial to their imprisonment and then murder by the Nazis, assisted by the gendarmerie of Occupied France. Following the German occupation in 1940, Drancy was initially used as a camp for French and British prisoners of war. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Approximately 61,000 of these Jews were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Mémorial de la Shoah de Drancy. [10], As the Allies were approaching Paris in August 1944, the German officers fled, and the camp was liberated on 17 August when control of the camp was given over to the French Resistance and Swedish diplomat Raoul Nordling.[2]. 110-112, avenue Jean-Jaurès 93700 Drancy. [11] Neuf Juifs dépor… Among these sites was the Drancy transit camp in France. Le camp apparaît dans la presse française fin 1939, lorsqu'il est installé au cœur de la cité de la Muette, un quartier d'habitation de Drancy. We would like to thank The Crown and Goodman Family and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing View the list of all donors. [12], On 20 January 2005, arsonists set fire to some railroad freight cars in the former camp; a tract signed "Bin Laden" with an inverted swastika was found. internment camp for Jews in occupied France during World War II. https://exploreparis.com/fr/120-le-memorial-de-la-shoah-a-drancy.html In December 1941, 40 prisoners from Drancy were executed in retaliation for a French attack on German police officers. Shoah. While the criminal behaviour of Vichy France and the collaboration of French officials were acknowledged, and some former Vichy officials prosecuted, this point of view denied any responsibility of the French Republic. The inmates from Borgo, Jewish refugees from a number of European countries, had been arrested after the Italian surrender in September 1943, having mostly come to Italy from France in search for safety from Nazi prosecution. SS officer Alois Brunner became camp commandant as part of the major stepping up at all facilities needed for mass extermination. During the summer of 1942, the Germans began systematic deportations of Jews from Drancy to killing centers in occupied Poland. Five subcamps of Drancy were located throughout Paris (three of which were the Austerlitz, Lévitan and Bassano camps). Barbed wire surrounded the building and its courtyard. It provides details of the persecution of the Jews in France and many personal mementos of inmates before their deportation to Auschwitz and their death. Drancy (France) L 'histoire des camps de concentration en France est un des chapitres les plus difficile et délicat à examiner. [4] Following the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup on 16 and 17 July 1942, more than 4,900 of the 13,152 victims of the mass arrest were sent directly to the camp at Drancy before their deportation to Auschwitz. It was originally conceived by the noted architects Marcel Lods [fr] and Eugène Beaudouin [fr] as a striking, modernist urban community. [4], On 6 April 1944, SS First Lieutenant Klaus Barbie raided a children's home in Izieu, France, where Jewish children had been hidden. The Swedish Consul-General Raoul Nordling took over the camp on August 17 and asked the French Red Cross to care for the 1,500 prisoners remaining in Drancy. Près de 63 000 Juifs sont déportés depuis le camp de Drancy, des gares du Bourget et de Bobigny, le plus souvent à destination d’Auschwitz-Birkenau. Context. The camp was used after the war for the internment of collaborationists, then went back in 1946 to its original destination as low-income housing. By now, Charlotte Salomon was five months pregnant. D'août 1941 à août 1944, le camp d'internement de Drancy ou camp de Drancy a été la plaque tournante de la politique de déportation antisémite en France. Location. The character of Levade was an inmate here, as well as young brothers André and Jacob Duguay. Drancy was under the control of the French police until 3 July 1943 when Germany took direct control of the Drancy camp. It was used first as police barracks, then converted into the primary detention center in the Paris region for holding Jews and other people labeled as "undesirable" before deportation. With only the Vichy 80 refusing this vote, historians have argued it was anti-Constitutional, most notably because of pressure on parliamentarians from Pierre Laval. She worked in Paris to save Jewish children by escorting them to the Free Zone. Drancy (France) - Cité de … 1941 à l’été 1944. The capacity of the camp was 5,000 prisoners. Camp de Drancy, fichiers des internés adultes et enfants, fichier des fusillés (F/9/5675 à 5749). Sacha Guitry et Mary Marquet , accusés de collaboration, y sont détenus et décrivent dans leurs livres leurs conditions de vie. While the criminal behaviour of Vichy France and the collaboration of French officials were acknowledged, and some former Vichy officials prosecuted, this point of view denied any responsibility … A few thousand prisoners managed to obtain release during the first year of the camp's existence. The Drancy camp, named after the northeastern suburb of Paris in which it was located, was established by the Germans in August 1941 as an internment camp for foreign Jews in France. Le camp est utilisé durant l'Epuration comme lieu d'internement, dirigé par les FTP. Some Drancy inmates died as hostage pawns. Upload media. In the first transport, which departed on June 22, 1942, 1,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. She was transported to Auschwitz on 7 October 1943 and was probably gassed on the same day that she arrived there (10 October). Five subcamps, used primarily as warehouses for personal property confiscated from Jews, were located throughout Paris at. In July 1943 the Germans took direct control of the Drancy camp and SS officer Alois Brunner became camp commandant. This was condemned by the French Minister for the Interior, Michèle Alliot-Marie.[13][14]. Instance of. French police enclosed the barracks and courtyard with barbed-wire fencing and provided guards for the camp. France -- Drancy. [9] A TV documentary was made about the attempt. There were also many non-French Jews captured in France and deported to Drancy to await final deportation to Auschwitz and other death camps. They included the noted German artist Charlotte Salomon, who had lived in the south of France after fleeing from the Nazis in Germany. En 1949, l’Office d’HBM de la Seine réaffecte le U au logement social, où The Cité de la Muette (the La Muette complex, a housing development) was situated in the district of Drancy, 12 kilometers northeast of , and served as an internment camp for 67,000 of the 75,000 mostly foreign Jews deported from France during the Second World War, before they were sent to death camps in Poland.The land for this development had been acquired in 1925 by … The two of them were dragged from their house and transported by rail from Nice to Drancy. None of them survived. Berr was a young French Jewish graduate who kept a diary between April 1942 and February 1944. Van Dam was spared upon arrival and survived for six months painting for the SS but was killed in September 1943. In 2001, Brunner's case was brought before a French court by Nazi hunter Serge Klarsfeld, which sentenced Brunner in absentia to a life sentence for crimes against humanity.[3]. Environ 63 000 Juifs sont déportés depuis le camp de Drancy, de la gare du Bourget-Drancy puis de la gare de Bobigny, à destination d’Auschwitz-Birkenau principalement. A new Shoah memorial museum was opened in 2012 just opposite the sculpture memorial and railway wagon by the President of France, François Hollande. The concentration camp also featured in a part of Sebastian Faulks' 1999 novel Charlotte Gray. Nicolas Grenier, Cité de la Muette (poem), in honor of Max Jacob, who died in the Drancy camp, 2011. It was located in Drancy, a northeastern suburb of Paris, France. work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. [4], Many French Jewish intellectuals and artists were held in Drancy, including Max Jacob (who died there), Tristan Bernard, and the choreographer René Blum. After the 1940 defeat by Germany and 10 July 1940 vote of full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain, the Republic was abolished and Vichy France was proclaimed. France. Until July 1, 1943, French police staffed the camp under the overall control of the German Security Police. On 20 August 1941, French police conducted raids throughout the 11th arrondissement of Paris and arrested more than 4,000 Jews, mainly foreign or stateless Jews. Poetically named La Cité de la Muette ("The Silent City") at its creation for its perceived peaceful ideals, the name became twisted with bitterly ironic meaning. It later became the major transit camp for the deportations of Jews from France. Of the 75,000 Jews whom French and German authorities deported from France, more than 67,000 were sent directly from Drancy to Auschwitz. Drancy (France : Camp de concentration) Drancy (Concentration camp) Concentration camps. Others were foreign-born Jews who had immigrated to France in the 1920s and 1930s, primarily from Poland, Germany, and, after 1938, Austria. Until recently, the official point of view of the French government was that the Vichy regime was an illegal government distinct from the French Republic. In 1977, the Memorial to the Deportation at Drancy was created by sculptor Shlomo Selinger to commemorate the French Jews imprisoned in the camp. The French police carried out additional roundups of Jews throughout the war. [4] Dutch painter Max van Dam, captured in France en route to Switzerland, was briefly incarcerated in Drancy where he was able to paint and create print work. There is documented evidence and testimony recounting the brutality of the French guards in Drancy and the brutal conditions imposed on the people including the small children who, upon their arrival, were immediately separated from their parents. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. La petite soeur tomba malade car elle souffrait de malnutrition. The archive also includes the cards and letters written by the prisoners to their relatives before deportation, and they are a moving contribution to the memory of the camp, and the crime of their detention. [2], Drancy was under the control of the French police until 1943 when administration was taken over by the SS, which placed officer Alois Brunner in charge of the camp. Drancy concentration camp. There is documented evidence and testimony recounting the brutality of the French guards in Drancy and the harsh conditions imposed on the inmates. Drancy fell under the command of the Gestapo Office of Jewish Affairs in France and German SS Captain Theodor Dannecker. Ces camps étaient gardés par la police française et dès 1940, le … En 1939 déjà, avant l'invasion de la France par l'Allemagne nazie, le gouvernement français avait ouvert des camps destinés à "accueillir" les réfugiés républicains espagnols fuyant le régime fachiste de Franco. À la Libération, la cité de la Muette sert de camp d’internement aux personnes suspectes de collaboration. [6] Jewish Austrian footballer Max Scheuer was sent to Drancy, and then on to Auschwitz concentration camp, where he was killed in the early 1940s.[7][8]. The Drancy internment camp of Paris, France, was used to hold Jews who were later deported to the extermination camps. The next day, the Gestapo transported the arrestees to Drancy. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}48°55′12″N 2°27′18″E / 48.92000°N 2.45500°E / 48.92000; 2.45500, Internment camp for Jews in occupied France during World War II, The accommodation block at Drancy with French gendarme on guard, German military administration of Occupied France during World War II, Timeline of deportations of French Jews to death camps, "This Month in Holocaust History – December – Drancy", "The Drancy Camp | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance - Research Network", https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/Ensemble-de-logements-HBM-Cite-de-la-Muette, En 1995, la reconnaissance des « fautes commises par l'Etat », Des croix gammées tracées au Mémorial de la déportation à Drancy, le Conservatoire Historique du Camp de Drancy, Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation, Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drancy_internment_camp&oldid=995102666, Buildings and structures in Seine-Saint-Denis, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 67,400 deported; 1,542 remaining at liberation. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. This perspective, held by Charles de Gaulle among others, underlined in particular the circumstances of the July 1940 vote of the full powers to Marshal Pétain, who installed the "French State" and repudiated the Republic. Holocaust, Jewish. Except for a small number of prisoners (mostly members of the French resistance), the overwhelming majority were Jews. De 1941 à 1944, Drancy fournit les 3/4 des convois de juifs à destination des camps de concentration. Barbie arrested everyone present, all 44 children and 7 adult staff members. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. Charlotte was staying at a small hotel nearby to try and pass on a message to Levade. L’archéologie des camps de la Seconde Guerre mondiale est encore peu développée en France. - celle de Georges Wellers, ancien interné de Drancy, auteur en 1946 du livre De Drancy à Auschwitz: il évoque une « quarantaine de suicides à l’été 1942 », ou encore des « épidémies de suicides » - celle de Maurice Rajsfus, auteur d’Un camp de concentration très ordinaire 1941-1944, The design was especially noteworthy for its integration of high-rise residential apartment towers, among the first of their kind in France. The Vichy government cooperated with Nazi Germany, hunting down foreign and French Jews and turning them over to the Gestapo for transport to the Third Reich's extermination camps. The Drancy internment camp was an assembly and detention camp for confining Jews who were later deported to the extermination camps during the German military administration of Occupied France during World War II. Internierungslager Drancy; Drancy (Seine-Saint-Denis) (camp de concentration) -- Ouvrages illustrés. He was among the 1008 deportees on Transport 53 which left Drancy, on 25 March 1943, with the final destination of Sobibor. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). In 1977, the Memorial to the Deportation at Drancy was created by sculptor Shlomo Selingerto commemorate the French Jews imprisoned in the camp. The Drancy camp, named after the northeastern suburb of Paris in which it was located, was established by the Germans in August 1941 as an internment camp for foreign Jews in France. [citation needed], On 11 April 2009, a swastika was painted on a train car used for the deportation of Jews, a permanent exhibit. Only 1,542 prisoners remained alive at the camp when the German authorities in Drancy fled as Allied forces advanced and the Swedish Consul-General Raoul Nordling took control of the camp on 17 August 1944, before handing it over to the French Red Cross to care for the survivors. 17 août 1944 : De décembre 1941 jusqu’en mars 1942, des otages sont extraits du camp pour être fusillés au Mont-Valérien . Drancy: A Concentration Camp in Paris 1941–1944, This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 06:41. They include messages written on the walls, many graffiti, aluminium drinking mugs and other personal belongings left by the prisoners, some of which are inscribed with the names of the owners. A concentration camp memorial in Germany is begging treasure hunters to stay away, after a new documentary claimed Nazi gold could be buried … Drancy, canton of Le Bourget, arrondissement of Bobigny, Seine-Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. Fichiers des internés des camps de Pithiviers et de Beaune-la-Rolande (F/9/5750 à 5777). Camp de représailles, août 1941-juin 1942 --Camp de transit, juillet 1942-juillet 1943 --Camp de concentration, juillet 1943-août 1944 --Drancy après Drancy, août 1944- … Mais ils sont démasqués avant de parvenir à leurs fins. The prisoners dug a tunnel to escape, but it was discovered before completion. Description : Collaborateurs réunis au camp de concentration de Drancy. However, on 16 July 1995, president Jacques Chirac, in a speech, recognized the responsibility of the French State, and in particular of the French police which organized the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv) of July 1942, for seconding the "criminal folly of the occupying country". The central concentration camp in France was Drancy, not far from Paris. Journal d'Helene Berr, Editions Tallandier, 2008, (English translation Journal Helene Berr, MacLehose Press, 2008 and 2009). Camps de concentration. By September 1943, Charlotte Salomon had married another German Jewish refugee, Alexander Nagler. Drancy: Un camp de concentration très ordinaire, 1941-1944 (French Edition) Altogether, between that first transport and the last, on July 31, 1944, 64,759 Jews were deported from Drancy in 64 transports.