Remerciements Photo / Yves Moreau . He was appointed Chef de Cabinet to Leygues and promoted to contre-amiral in 1929. Toen Parijs in juni 1940 werd bezet was Darlan een van degenen die achter maarschalk Philippe Pétain ging staan. Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, né le 4 novembre 1922 à Alger et mort fusillé le 26 décembre 1942 à Alger, est connu pour avoir assassiné le 24 décembre 1942 l'amiral François Darlan, ancien chef du gouvernement de Vichy, au pouvoir de fait en Afrique française du Nord. On the afternoon of 24 December 1942, Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle shot Darlan in his headquarters; Darlan died a few hours later. The next day, 8 November, the Western Allies would invade French North Africa. [16]:261 Churchill persuaded an initially sceptical secret session of the House of Commons, saying that Eisenhower's recognition of Darlan was right, and even if it was not quite right, it had meant French rifles being pointed not at the Allies, but at the Axis: "I am sorry to have to mention a point like this, but it makes a lot of difference to a soldier whether a man fires his gun at him, or at an enemy..."[16]:275 Later, American historian Arthur Funk maintained that the "deal with Darlan" was misunderstood by the critics at the time as an opportunistic improvisation. He was appointed Chief of the Naval Staff from 1 January 1937, at the same time promoted to amiral. [14] However, by 1941 Darlan had become Pétain's most trusted associate. L''amiral Darlan reste l''un des personnages les plus controversés de l''Histoire de France et son assassinat suscita les interprétations les plus diverses, mettant en cause des personnalités aussi importantes que le gén&eacut In February 1941 Darlan replaced Pierre-Étienne Flandin as "Vice President of the Council" (prime minister). Les marins sont révoltés. [citation needed], On 7 November 1942, Darlan went to Algiers to visit his son, who was hospitalised. In running the French colonial empire, Darlan relied heavily on the personal loyalty of key army and naval officers in the colonies to head off defection to Free France. This last condition was opposed by Darlan's rival, General Maxime Weygand, and the Protocols were never ratified, though Weygand was dismissed at German insistence in November 1941. Georges Leygues, a political colleague of his father who would spend seven years as Minister of the Marine, was Darlan's godfather.[2]. Pouah !!!! François Darlan, né le 7 août 1881 à Nérac (Lot-et-Garonne) et mort assassiné le 24 décembre 1942 à Alger, est un amiral et homme politique français. His order was obeyed;[14] not only in French North Africa, but also by the Vichy forces in French West Africa with its potentially useful facilities at Dakar. In April 1942, Darlan resigned his ministries to Pierre Laval at German insistence, but retained his position as Commander-in-Chief of the French Armed Forces. Ne pas confondre avec la dignité d’amiral de France qui n’a pas été attribuée depuis 1869. Op 24 juni 1939 werd hij bevorderd tot amiral de la flotte en kreeg bevel over de gehele Franse vloot. Que reste-t-il des marins tombés à Mers El Kébir. [6]:139–40, Despite Darlan's assurance, Churchill had remained concerned that Darlan might be overruled by the politicians, and this concern was not allayed by Darlan becoming a government minister himself. Chef d’état-major de la marine (1936) qu’il contribua à moderniser, il demanda et obtint en 1939 le rétablissement à son profit de la dignité d’amiral de la Flotte pour être à grade égal au Premier lord de la mer britannique. Amiral de la Flotte n’est ni une dignité ni un rang ni un grade mais une appellation. De Gaulle's biographer Jean Lacouture described Darlan as "the archetypal man of failed destiny" thereafter. The plans for "Catapult" had been drawn up as early as 14, 15 or 16 June. Darlan negotiated the Paris Protocols of May 1941 with Germany, in which Germany made concessions on prisoners of war and occupation terms, and France agreed to German bases in French colonies. [1] His father, Jean-Baptiste Darlan, was a lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Justice in the cabinet of Jules Méline. In 1939, Darlan was promoted to admiral of the fleet, a rank created specifically for him. He was willing to accept an armistice provided the French fleet was kept out of German hands. [11], Churchill later wrote that Darlan could have been the leader of the Free French, "a de Gaulle raised to the tenth power", had he defected at this time. [5][8], The terms of the armistice called for the demobilisation and disarmament of the ships of the French Navy under German supervision in their home ports (mostly in the German-occupied zone). Ca part sur de mauvaises bases, à moins que ce Melton ait vraiment trouvé des documents inédits, la démonstration doit être tarabiscotée. à 11h49 Darlan was immensely proud of the French navy which he had helped to build up, and after Axis forces defeated France (May–June 1940), on 3 June he threatened that he would mutiny and lead the fleet to fight under the British flag in the event of an armistice. Some high American and British officials objected, and there was furious criticism by newspapers and politicians. Bras droit de Pétain, il est un des principaux responsables des actions menées pendant cette période avant de se ranger du côté des … En novembre 2005, il a été constaté que sa tombe, ainsi que de nombreuses tombes de marins français et l’ossuaire du cimetière militaire, avaient été profanés. Tenant compte de la force du vichysme, en particulier en Algérie, ils préfèrent d'abord miser sur l'amiral Darlan, qui s'y trouve de façon fortuite et qui prend le titre de Haut-Commissaire de France en Afrique, puis, après son assassinat le 24 décembre 1942, sur l'un des généraux les […] Lire la suite 2000 ans d'Histoire sur France Inter de Patrice Gélinet avec Bernard Costagliola (historien). Darlan repeatedly refused British requests to place the whole fleet in British custody (or in the French West Indies), and in attempts to get the British to release French warships, gave a version of the armistice terms inconsistent with what the British knew from other sources to be the case. On 11 February he was named Pétain's eventual successor, in accordance with Act Number Four of the constitution. L'Amiral Darlan est enterré au cimetière militaire de Mers-el-Kébir (au demeurant dans un triste état par défaut d'entretien des autorités algériennes...). He refused to provide French conscript labour, he also insisted on protecting Jewish war veterans, and only reluctantly enforced anti-Semitic laws. Ministre des marines marchande et militaire dans le gouvernement de Vichy, il obtint également la vice-présidence du Conseil avec le portefeuille de l’Intérieur et des Affaires étrangères, et la succession tacite à Pétain après le renvoi de Laval. Pétain stripped Darlan of his offices and ordered resistance to the end in North Africa, but was ignored. François Darlan opte quant à lui pour une carrière militaire dans la Marine. [14] But in April 1942, at German insistence, Darlan resigned his ministries, and was replaced by Laval, whom the Germans considered more trustworthy. Agnostique et plutôt radical socialiste, Darlan est attaché aux valeurs de laïcité (mais n'est pas hostile à l'Église), de petite propriété, de patriotisme et de morale2. But resistance continued, and no one heeded Giraud, who had no official status. [14], In January 1942, Darlan assumed additional government offices. The Allies had anticipated little resistance from French forces in North Africa, instead expecting them to accept the authority of General Henri Giraud, who was extracted from France to take charge. L’arriviste idole du peu progressiste Hervé Coutau-Bégarie incarna ce qu’il y eut de pire et de médiocre dans le cheptel militaro-politique entre les deux guerres. Convaincu de l’inéluctabilité de la victoire allemande, il se lança résolument dans une politique de collaboration avec l’Allemagne (il rencontre Hitler). darlan-tombe. Admiral Jean-Francois Darlan achieved fame in both the French Navy and in French politics during World War Two. [5] Darlan promised Churchill at the Briare Conference (12 June) that no French ship would ever come into German hands. Get the Magazine. Avec perspicacité, H. Coutau-Bégarie et C. Huan jaugent l'ascension de Darlan au sein de la marine et de la hiérarchie gouvernementale à l'aune de celle de ses collègues. Les auteurs n'insistent pas de manière excessive sur son rôle dans la création de la puissante flotte de 1939. In 1902, he graduated from the French Naval Academy and during World War … Voir le Blog de Pierre.S : cliquez ici. Subsequently, in 1934, he took command of the Atlantic Squadron at Brest. [6]:139–40 At Italian suggestion, the armistice terms were amended to permit the fleet to stay temporarily in North African ports, where they might potentially be seized by Italian troops from Libya. General de Gaulle and his Free France organization were outraged; so were the pro-Allied conspirators who had seized Algiers. L'Admiral passe en revue les troupes. François Darlan, in full Jean-louis-xavier-françois Darlan, (born Aug. 7, 1881, Nérac, Fr.—died Dec. 24, 1942, Algiers [Algeria]), French admiral and a leading figure in Marshal Philippe Pétain’s World War II Vichy government.. Darlan graduated from the French naval school in 1902 and then advanced through the various ranks, becoming a rear admiral in 1929, vice admiral, admiral, … He was promoted to vice-amiral d'escadre in 1936. Darlan was Commander-in-Chief of the French Navy at the beginning of World War II. Darlan was seen by many to be pro-Nazi Germany and he has been portrayed as a collaborator. Il s'appuie sur des documents inédits d'archives américaines, françaises et … During World War I, he commanded an artillery battery that took part in the Battle of Verdun. Jean Louis Xavier François Darlan (7 August 1881 – 24 December 1942) was a French admiral and political figure. il y a 5 heures. This was not acceptable to Darlan, who argued that it would leave France defenceless. Melka, Robert L. "Darlan between Britain and Germany 1940–41", José Aboulker et Christine Levisse-Touzet, ", This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 13:33. The "deal" was even more upsetting to Berlin and to the Vichy government. It was said that "no tears were shed" by the British over his death. For the racehorse, see, 1941–42: collaboration with Germany and after, British forces destroyed French ships anchored at Mers-el-Kébir, conquered French Syria and Lebanon in June–July 1941, all capital ships were scuttled, and only three destroyers and a few dozen smaller ships were captured, Newspaper clippings about François Darlan, Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation, Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=François_Darlan&oldid=995707304, French military personnel of World War II, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Funk, Arthur L. "Negotiating the 'Deal with Darlan'.". [12], Thereafter, French forces loyal to Vichy (most of them under Darlan's command) fiercely resisted British moves into French territory, and sometimes co-operated with German forces. In 1930, he served as the French Navy's representative at the London Naval Conference, and in 1932 he was promoted to vice-amiral. [13], Because he reported only to Pétain, Darlan exercised broad powers, although Pétain's own entourage (including Weygand) continued to wield considerable influence. Less than two months later, on 24 December, Darlan was assassinated by Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, a 20-year-old monarchist and anti-Vichyiste. Hitler, however, distrusted France and wanted it to remain neutral during his planned attack on the Soviet Union.[13]. 316 pp, Amiot-Dumont, 1953. Hommage au général Lukov – Sofia – 13 février 2021. il y a 45 minutes. Darlan a été, après Laval, l’interlocuteur d’Hitler. Then, at the last moment, Darlan had sent a supplemental order to Admiral Abrial, who was in charge of the evacuation. In return, on 10 November, Darlan ordered all French forces to join the Allies. He was a monarchist, and opposed to Vichy. L’affaire ne fut jamais vraiment élucidée, mais le comte de Paris ou De Gaulle ont pu en être les commanditaires du meurtre. The "deal" thus was the result of a long and carefully considered Allied plan for reaching a political and military accord with Vichy. Sa tombe a été refaite depuis. [3] After the war Darlan commanded the training ships Jeanne d'Arc and Edgar Quinet, receiving promotions to frigate captain in 1920 and captain in 1926. [16]:274, The "Darlan deal" proved highly controversial, as Darlan had been a notorious collaborator with Germany. Jean Louis Xavier François Darlan (7 August 1881 – 24 December 1942) was a French admiral and political figure. En septembre 1939, François d'Astier de La Vigerie est placé par le général Gamelin à la tête de la zone d'opérations aériennes du Nord qui comprend les principales forces aériennes françaises.Il fait la connaissance de l'amiral Darlan à l'occasion de réunions organisées par le "généralissime" et découvre un homme rusé et calculateur. This belief led to Operation Catapult, where, on 3 July 1940 British forces destroyed French ships anchored at Mers-el-Kébir. A relever sur la tombe, « Amiral de la Flotte », inscrit dans le marbre et colifichet à lui seul attribué, voilà qui fait bien rigoler, vu le calibre d’un personnage dont le caméléon aurait pu être l’emblème ! L'amiral Darlan reste l'un des personnages les plus controversés de l'Histoire de France et son assassinat suscita les interprétations les plus diverses, mettant en cause des personnalités aussi importantes que le général de Gaulle ou le comte de Paris. De plus en plus contesté, le 24 décembre 1942 à Alger, l’amiral Darlan est abattu en sortant de son bureau par un jeune étudiant, Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. As head of the Navy he successfully used his political connections to lobby for a building program to counter the rising threat from the Kriegsmarine and Regia Marina. [13], Darlan came from a republican background and never believed in the Vichyite Révolution nationale; for example, he had reservations about Pétain's clericalism. Allied commander Dwight D. Eisenhower struck a controversial deal with Darlan, recognizing him as High Commissioner of France for North and West Africa. Celui-ci ayant exigé le retour de Laval, Darlan démissionna de ses fonctions gouvernementales tout en restant chef des Armées. Quant aux cimetieres chretiens en ALGERIE , à quand un article dans votre site incomparable M LANDRU ? Lettre ouverte à Jacques Julliard sur le sort de notre ami embastillé Hervé Ryssen. Save up to 55%. Reçu à l’école navale en 1899, il navigue entre l'Extrême-Orient, où il y passe quatre années et la France où il est respectivement nommé instructeur à … PERSONNALITÉS : Vous cherchez la tombe de... CIMETIERES : Vous cherchez un cimetière... 00.PATRIMOINE FUNERAIRE EN FRANCE : ETAT DES LIEUX PAR DEPARTEMENTS, autres cimetières et lieux de sépultures parisiens, Le columbarium : édifice et personnalités crématisées, Chronologie du Père Lachaise : 1804-2010, Cimetières et autres lieux d’inhumation parisiens disparus, ... est le témoignage d’un temps passé, ... est le vecteur d’un dialogue post-mortem. By Alain Darlan. He was admiral of the fleet and Chief of Staff of the French Navy in 1939 at the beginning of World War II. Si vous êtes fan de lecture depuis des années, découvrez sans plus tarder toutes nos offres et nos bonnes affaires exceptionnelles pour l'acquisition d'un produit Darlan - Amiral Et Homme D'état Français, 1881-1942. [4] In 1939 he was promoted to Amiral de la flotte, a rank created specifically to put him on equal terms with the First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy.[1]. La tombe de l'amiral DARLAN profanée au cimetière marin de Mers el kebir, Christine Albanel remet l'archive de l'époque à l'Algérie. Se trouvant à Alger lors du débarquement allié de 1942, il prit le pouvoir en Afrique du Nord avec le soutien des Américains, mais il fut abattu le 24 décembre à Alger par l’étudiant Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. [14] After the British conquered French Syria and Lebanon in June–July 1941, and the German invasion of the USSR stalled before Moscow by December 1941, Darlan moved away from his policy of collaboration. Avec l'amiral Darlan et l'amiral Leclerc, en décembre 1942. Achat Darlan - Amiral Et Homme D'état Français, 1881-1942 à prix bas sur Rakuten. Vichyregering. [6]:139–40 General Charles Noguès, Commander-in-Chief of French forces in North Africa, was dismayed at the armistice but accepted it partly (he claimed) because Darlan would not let him have the French fleet to continue hostilities against the Axis powers. Darlan was in Algiers when the Allies invaded French North Africa in November 1942. L'amiral français Jean Louis Darlan salue la tombe. Stay informed. Les Sarraut, où comment se jouer des cimetières... 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[5] That evening Paul Reynaud, feeling he lacked sufficient cabinet support for continuing the war, resigned as Prime Minister, and Philippe Pétain formed a new government with a view to seeking an armistice with Germany. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1929, vice admiral in 1932, lieutenant admiral in 1937 before finally being made admiral and Chief of the Naval Staff in 1937. He also became Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of the Interior, and Minister of National Defence, making him the de facto head of the Vichy government. L'amiral Darlan Parle. [13], As a prominent figure in the Vichy government, Darlan repeatedly offered Hitler active military cooperation against Britain. [6], Darlan expected Germany to win the war and saw it as to France's advantage to collaborate with Germany. Purchase. Darlan graduated from the École Navale in 1902. Subscribe. Le général Dwight D. Eisenhower accueille des dignitaires militaires. After attending the Coronation of George VI, Darlan complained that protocol had left him, as a mere vice admiral, "behind a pillar and after the Chinese admiral". Bonnier de La Chapelle was a youth of 20, the son of a French journalist. 1942 : DARLAN, un amiral bien encombrant Publié par La Plume et le Rouleau sur 24 Décembre 2001, 15:48pm However, as Darlan had promised, no capital ships fell into German hands, and only three destroyers and a few dozen submarines and smaller vessels passed into German control. The order said that the British would embark first. The Germans were more direct: German troops occupied the remaining 40% of France. As a result, more than two-thirds of the British forces were landed in England by the rescuing vessels and only one-seventh of … L'amiral Darlan doit quitter le cimetière de Mers el Kébir et retourner à Nérac dans sa famille ... où les tombes des marins morts à Mers El Kébir ont été saccagées et les sépultures violées par des criminels de la mémoire. Funk claimed Darlan had been in talks with American diplomats for months about switching sides, and when the opportunity came he did so promptly. Darlan was born in Nérac, Lot-et-Garonne, to a family with a long connection with the French Navy. [10] Petain's government signed an armistice (22 June 1940) but retained control of the territories known as "Vichy France" after the capital moved to Vichy in early July. Georges E. Melton, Darlan : amiral et homme d’État français, 1881-1942, Paris, Pygmalion, 2002. [6]:139–40 On 18 June Darlan gave his "word of honour" to the British First Sea Lord, Sir Dudley Pound that he would not allow the French fleet to fall into German hands. Le corps de L’amiral DARLAN a été rapatrié d’ALGER à MERS ELS KEBIR le 29 avril 1964 mission particulière pour l’escorteur d’escadre MAILLE BREZE avec la présence à bord du fils DARLAN Alain, cimetière militaire de Mers el-Kébir - Algérie, samedi 2 mars 2013 Darlan a été inhumé au cimetière militaire de Mers el-Kébir, près d’Oran, en Algérie, où sont enterrés les marins qui ont péri dans l’attaque de la flotte française. En novembre 2005, il a été constaté que sa tombe, ainsi que de nombreuses tombes de marins français … Il en partage le mérite avec Georges Leygues et l'amiral Durand- Viel. Le 24 décembre 1942 à Alger, un complot faisait tomber François Darlan. Passons rapidement sur la carrière de Darlan avant guerre, analysée dans les cent cinquante premières pages. As the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill pointed out, this meant that French warships would be fully armed when they came under German control. Thereafter Darlan rose swiftly. Il accueille divers dignitaires militaires alliées, y compris le Général français Henri Giraud. Darlan - La collaboration à tout prix (EAN13 : 9782271083180) édité par CNRS Editions - La biographie de référence du second dauphin de Pétain, fondée sur des archives inédites. After France signed an armistice with Nazi Germany in 1940, Darlan served in the pro-German Vichy regime, becoming its deputy leader for a time. In return, Darlan ordered all French forces in North Africa to cease resistance and cooperate with the Allies. Recommandé pour vous. They lacked confidence that Darlan was being straight with them (one government adviser minuted that he had 'turned crook like the rest')[6]:149 and believed that, even if he was sincere, he could not deliver on his promise. [10] Darlan was at his house at Nérac in Gascony on 3 July, and could not be contacted. La vie et la mort de cet homme secret restent encore chargées de mystères. - par  cp, © 2006-2021 Cimetières de France et d’ailleurs. [15] Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Allied commander on the spot recognized Darlan as commander of all French forces in the area and recognized his self-nomination as High Commissioner of France (head of civil government) for North and West Africa on 14 November. He distrusted the British, and after the armistice of June 1940, he seriously considered waging a naval war against Britain. Roosevelt defended it (using wording suggested by Churchill) as 'a temporary expedient, justified only by the stress of battle'. Deloncle rejoignit l’amiral Darlan, reprit contact avec d’anciens cagoulards et, fin 1940, créa le Mouvement social révolutionnaire pour la Révolution nationale (M.S.R. Le général Eisenhower des pourparlers avec l'amiral Darlan. Le 24 décembre 1942, quelques jours après cette déclaration, l’amiral de la flotte Darlan est assassiné. L'Amiral Darlan (1/2). Héro de la marine pendant la première guerre mondiale, l’amiral Darlan fut au même titre que Laval une des figures de la collaboration. Général Eisenhower, Amiral Darlan et Général Giraud à Alger . [8], On 16 June Churchill's telegram arrived agreeing to an armistice (France and Britain were bound by treaty not to seek a separate peace) provided the French fleet was moved to British ports. [18][19][20], Darlan was unpopular with the Allies – he was considered pompous, having asked Eisenhower to provide 200 Coldstream Guards and Grenadier Guards as an honor company for the commemoration of Napoleon's victory at Austerlitz. After the declaration of war in September 1939, Darlan became Commander-in-Chief of the French Navy. Le sort de ses restes dépend, comme ceux de l’ensemble des populations métropolitaines inhumées, du sort des cimetières chrétiens en Algérie. After France's armistice with Germany in June 1940, Darlan served in Philippe Pétain's Vichy regime as Minister of Marine, and in February 1941 he took over as Vice-President of the Council, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of the Interior and Minister of National Defence, making him the de facto head of the Vichy government. However, the Germans became suspicious of Darlan's opportunism and malleable loyalties as his obstructionism mounted. In the process, they captured Darlan. Only on 27 November did the Germans try to seize the ships, but all capital ships were scuttled, and only three destroyers and a few dozen smaller ships were captured, mostly fulfilling Darlan's promise in 1940 to Churchill. However, the Germans paused outside Toulon, the base where most of the remaining French ships were moored. [9] That day, according to Jules Moch, he declared that Britain was finished so there was no point in continuing to fight, and he was concerned that if there was no armistice Hitler would invade French North Africa via Franco's Spain. He was involved with a royalist group that wanted to restore the pretender to the French throne, the Count of Paris. ), soutenant le maréchal Pétain. C'est un épisode méconnu de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La tombe de l’amiral Darlan fracassée, le mausolée dans lequel sont déposés les ossements des marins non identifiés est à ciel ouvert. La carrière militaire : l'amiral Darlan. Darlan werd in 1936 bevorderd tot Amiral en in 1937 tot stafchef van de marine. (De nombreuses photos sont prises par l’un des participants, Raymond Quessada) Vie politique française : souverains, républiques et gouvernements, LE POUVOIR EN FRANCE, du Ve siècle à nos jours, Dynasties célèbres éparpillées dans les cimetières, Les Fessard et les Lebegue : une dynastie de sculpteurs, Les Garcia : Une dynastie au service de l’art lyrique, Les Pezon : des hommes et des fauves à la Belle Epoque, Les Thierry : une dynastie au service de l’histoire, La descendance naturelle de Napoléon Ier, Les d’Aboville, une famille d’officiers, Les Debré : une dynastie entre Paris et Touraine, Les Lariboisière : des champs de bataille à l’hôpital, Les Pelletan : protestantisme et République. La tombe de l’amiral Darlan dans le même cimetière. His great-grandfather was killed at the Battle of Trafalgar. Avec l’armistice en juin 1940, plusieurs anciens membres, ou ex-sympathisants, de la Cagoule se rallièrent au gouvernement de Vichy. Darlan a été inhumé au cimetière militaire de Mers el-Kébir, près d’Oran, en Algérie, où sont enterrés les marins qui ont péri dans l’attaque de la flotte française. [7] Darlan appears to have retreated from his position on 15 June, when the Cabinet voted 13–6 for Camille Chautemps' compromise proposal to inquire about possible terms. Get the latest book reviews delivered bi-weekly. Articles populaires [21] Harold Macmillan, who was Churchill's adviser to Eisenhower at the time of the assassination, wryly described Darlan's service and death by saying, "Once bought, he stayed bought.